Melatonin
Circadin, Slenyto (melatonin) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Melatonin was first approved as Circadin on 2007-06-29. It is used to treat jet lag syndrome and seasonal affective disorder in the USA. It has been approved in Europe to treat autistic disorder and sleep initiation and maintenance disorders. The pharmaceutical is active against melatonin receptor type 1A and melatonin receptor type 1B. In addition, it is known to target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B and ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone].
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515 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delirium | D003693 | R41.0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 21 | |
| Circadian rhythm sleep disorders | D020178 | G47.2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 17 | |
| Sleep wake disorders | D012893 | G47 | — | 6 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 14 | |
| Anxiety | D001007 | EFO_0005230 | F41.1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 11 |
| Postoperative pain | D010149 | G89.18 | 2 | 1 | — | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
| Oxidative stress | D018384 | EFO_1001905 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 5 | 9 | |
| Healthy volunteers/patients | — | 3 | — | — | 1 | 3 | 7 | ||
| Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity | D001289 | EFO_0003888 | F90 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Parkinson disease | D010300 | EFO_0002508 | G20 | — | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Schizophrenia | D012559 | EFO_0000692 | F20 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
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Indications Phases 3
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hiv infections | D015658 | EFO_0000764 | B20 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 13 | 18 |
| Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders | D007319 | F51.01 | 2 | 4 | 4 | — | 4 | 13 | |
| Sexually transmitted diseases | D012749 | A50-A64 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 10 | 12 | |
| Covid-19 | D000086382 | U07.1 | — | 5 | 1 | — | 6 | 11 | |
| Sleep | D012890 | GO_0030431 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 7 | 10 | |
| Neoplasms | D009369 | C80 | 1 | 4 | 3 | — | 4 | 10 | |
| Depression | D003863 | F33.9 | — | 5 | 4 | — | 3 | 9 | |
| Breast neoplasms | D001943 | EFO_0003869 | C50 | 2 | 7 | 2 | — | — | 9 |
| Obesity | D009765 | EFO_0001073 | E66.9 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 6 | 8 |
| Epilepsy | D004827 | EFO_0000474 | G40.9 | — | 2 | 3 | — | 2 | 6 |
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Indications Phases 2
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hiv | D006678 | O98.7 | — | 1 | — | — | 12 | 13 | |
| Hypertension | D006973 | EFO_0000537 | I10 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 5 | 10 |
| Pain | D010146 | EFO_0003843 | R52 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 6 |
| Blindness | D001766 | HP_0000618 | H53.12 | — | 1 | — | — | 5 | 6 |
| Cognitive dysfunction | D060825 | G31.84 | — | 1 | — | — | 3 | 4 | |
| Head and neck neoplasms | D006258 | — | 1 | — | — | 3 | 4 | ||
| Reperfusion injury | D015427 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 3 | ||
| Chronobiology disorders | D021081 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 3 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | D009103 | EFO_0003885 | G35 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 3 |
| Metabolic syndrome | D024821 | EFO_0000195 | E88.81 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 3 |
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Indications Phases 1
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic bone diseases | D001851 | HP_0000938 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 3 | |
| Osteoporosis | D010024 | EFO_0003882 | M81.0 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 3 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | D020181 | EFO_0003918 | G47.33 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 |
| Insulin resistance | D007333 | EFO_0002614 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | |
| Brain hypoxia-ischemia | D020925 | EFO_1000846 | P91.6 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | D003922 | EFO_0001359 | E10 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 |
| Pinealoma | D010871 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Blood pressure | D001794 | EFO_0004325 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Subdural hematoma chronic | D020200 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | D010599 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
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Indications Without Phase
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substance-related disorders | D019966 | EFO_0003890 | F13 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| Liver transplantation | D016031 | EFO_0010682 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | |
| Stroke | D020521 | EFO_0000712 | I63.9 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
| Circadian rhythm | D002940 | EFO_0004354 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | |
| Genes | D005796 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | ||
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | D015673 | EFO_0004540 | G93.31 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
| Consciousness disorders | D003244 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | ||
| Risk-taking | D012309 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | ||
| Health behavior | D015438 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | ||
| Colorectal neoplasms | D015179 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
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Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
| Drug common name | MELATONIN |
| INN | — |
| Description | Melatonin is a member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. It has a role as a hormone, an anticonvulsant, an immunological adjuvant, a radical scavenger, a central nervous system depressant, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of acetamides and a member of tryptamines. It is functionally related to a tryptamine. |
| Classification | Small molecule |
| Drug class | — |
| Image (chem structure or protein) | |
| Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence) | COc1ccc2[nH]cc(CCNC(C)=O)c2c1 |
Target
Alternate
HTR2B
HTR2B
NQO2
NQO2
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
HTR2B
Gene synonyms
NCBI Gene ID
Protein name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
Protein synonyms
5-HT 2B receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2B, G protein-coupled, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor, Serotonin receptor 2B
Uniprot ID
Mouse ortholog
Htr2b (15559)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (Q9QWS2)
Variants
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Trends
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Safety
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1,531 adverse events reported
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